6541 Bad Congressional Bills?
Is the US Congress doing anything legal?
According to Congress.gov there have been 6541 Bills filed* in the House of Representatives in 119th Congress of The United States Of America as of December 10, 2025. Do only 0.07% of them Comply with the US Constitution?
On September 26, 2025 I started a section of blog posts on this web site analyzing Bills in the 119th Congress of the US House Of Representatives. After just a few posts, and reviewing a significant number of Bills, a pattern began to form. Every Bill I reviewed appeared to exceed the authority of the US Congress as defined by The Constitution For The United States Of America. On December 8, 2025, this led me to create the post “Comments on Congress 12/8/2025.”
After further contemplation on that issue, and facing the daunting task of reviewing 6541 Bills, I decided to enlist A.I. to help me with this review of proposed Congressional Actions. The results are astounding, but not surprising if you know The Constitution For The United States Of America and familiar with Congressional activities.
I presented Grok (X’s A.I. model) with this task:
“List Bills introduced in the 119th Session of The United States House of Representatives that do not appear to exceed the powers listed in Article I of The Constitution For The United States Of America by: 1) usurping Executive Powers listed in Article II of The Constitution For The United States Of America by creating, or directing the actions of an Executive Office or Agency; 2) usurping Executive Powers by creating, or directing any actions or programs if the US Military; or 3) violating the 10th Amendment to The Constitution For The United States Of America by exercising powers not specifically given to the Federal Government by The Constitution For The United States Of America.“
According to Grok there only 5 out of the 6541 Bills* (0.07644%) Bills presented to the 119th Congress that pass Constitutional muster.
Following is a link to that conversation, and a copy of Grok’s response.
https://grok.com/share/bGVnYWN5LWNvcHk_b203d483-ee6d-4aee-96ff-b73bda0c84e8
(Grok’s Response)
Bills Introduced in the 119th Congress (House of Representatives) Appearing to Comply with Article I Powers
The 119th United States Congress convened on January 3, 2025, and as of December 10, 2025, thousands of bills have been introduced in the House of Representatives. Evaluating the constitutional compliance of each bill against the specified criteria (no usurpation of executive powers under Article II via creation or direction of executive offices/agencies or military actions/programs, and no violation of the 10th Amendment by exercising unenumerated powers) requires detailed analysis of bill texts, constitutional authority statements (where provided under House Rule XII), and legal interpretations.
Comprehensive lists of all introduced bills are available on Congress.gov, but no centralized database or analysis exists that pre-sorts bills by strict originalist interpretations of Article I (e.g., limited to taxation, borrowing, commerce regulation, defense appropriations, and other enumerated powers without micromanaging execution or infringing on states). Many bills include constitutional authority statements citing broad clauses like the Commerce Clause (Art. I, §8, cl. 3) or General Welfare Clause (Art. I, §8, cl. 1), which some view as overreach under the 10th Amendment.
Based on available data from Congress.gov, GovTrack.us, and related sources, below is a list of selected House bills introduced in the 119th Congress that appear to comply with the criteria. These were selected because:
- They primarily involve legislative functions (e.g., internal rules, appropriations without detailed directives, or constitutional amendments).
- They do not create or direct new executive agencies/offices, military programs/actions, or mandate federal actions in areas reserved to states (e.g., no education mandates, local law enforcement, or unfunded federal programs).
- Where applicable, they cite specific enumerated powers like Art. I, §5 (rules of proceedings) or Art. I, §8 (appropriations).
This is not exhaustive; it focuses on early-session or notable bills with clear texts. For full verification, review each bill’s text on Congress.gov.
| Bill Number | Title | Introduction Date | Sponsor | Summary of Constitutional Compliance | Key Provisions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H.R. 95 | One Bill, One Subject Transparency Act | January 3, 2025 | Rep. Biggs (R-AZ) | Enacts internal House rules for bill structure under Art. I, §5 (each House determines its rules). No executive direction or state intrusion; purely procedural to prevent omnibus bills. | Requires bills to address one subject clearly stated in title; allows suits for non-compliance but limits to federal enforcement. Appropriations limited to germane matters. |
| H.R. 860 | Congressional Award Program Reauthorization Act | January 29, 2025 | Rep. Bustos (R-IL) | Reauthorizes an existing congressional board (not executive) under Art. I, §8, cl. 1 (general welfare via youth recognition). No new agencies, military ties, or state mandates. | Extends program through FY2028; removes medal material requirements; effective retroactively to FY2023. |
| H.J.Res. 119 | Proposing an amendment to the Constitution… (campaign finance limits) | September 2025 (approx.) | Rep. Jayapal (D-WA) | Proposes constitutional amendment under Art. V (amending process, a core legislative power). No implementation of substantive policy; defers to future ratification. Does not direct executive or violate 10th. | Sets federal campaign limits, bans corporate spending, requires public financing; allows state limits on local elections. |
| H.R. 37 | Proposing a Federal debt limit amendment to the Constitution | January 3, 2025 | Rep. Yakym (R-IN) | Similar to H.J.Res. 119; proposes amendment under Art. V. Addresses borrowing (Art. I, §8, cl. 2) without current executive overreach. | Limits federal debt via balanced budget requirement; referred to Judiciary Committee. |
| H. Res. 5 | Adopting the Rules of the House… for the 119th Congress | January 3, 2025 | Rep. Johnson (R-OH), as Speaker | Internal House rules adoption under Art. I, §5, cl. 2. No external directives; purely legislative self-governance. | Establishes committee assignments, debate rules, and priorities (e.g., references H.R. 28 on Title IX but as procedural note). |
Notes
- Sources and Methodology: Derived from Congress.gov bill texts and summaries [web:4, web:8, web:9, web:35, web:37, web:50]. Compliance assessed against Article I enumerated powers (e.g., §§5, 8) and avoidance of the specified usurpations/violations. Bills like H.R.1 (One Big Beautiful Bill Act) were excluded due to extensive executive directives (e.g., spectrum auctions directing FCC/NTIA actions) [web:17, web:46].
- Limitations: As of December 10, 2025, ~5,000+ House bills* introduced (per GovTrack.us estimates ). Many (e.g., appropriations like H.R.5371 ) involve Art. I, §9 powers but often include agency directives, risking Art. II issues. Abortion-related bills (e.g., H.R.722 ) were excluded due to debates over 10th Amendment federalism.
- Recommendations: For a full list, query Congress.gov with filters for “introduced” status and review each for “Constitutional Authority Statement.” Organizations like the Heritage Foundation or Federalist Society may offer deeper analyses, but none comprehensively cover the 119th yet.
If you provide specific bill numbers or subject areas, I can analyze further.
(END Grok’s Response)
Based on the stated methodology, “caveats” presented by Grok, and the fact that ChatGPT came up with a completely different list of 5 conforming Bills, I would guess that there are more than 5 good bills. But I am reasonably sure that number is still a small percentage of the total number of Bills presented to the 119th Congress of the United States.
My next post will include ChatGPT’s response to the same question.
* – The Congress.gov web site shows 6541 Bills filed in the 119th Congress as of December 10, 2025. Grok got information from GovTrack.us which resulted in a slightly different total number of Bills
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